Dump database

Custom-format dump (fastest, supports parallel restore)

pg_dump -U myuser -d mydb -F c -f mydb.dump

More postgres commands

Restore database

pg_restore -U myuser -d mydb -j 4 --clean mydb.dump

Parallel restore with 4 workers, drop existing objects first
Vacuum and analyze table

psql -U myuser -d mydb -c 'VACUUM (VERBOSE, ANALYZE) orders;'

Reclaim dead tuples and update statistics for query planner
Check replication lag

psql -U postgres -c "SELECT client_addr, state, sent_lsn, replay_lsn, (sent_lsn - replay_lsn) AS lag_bytes FROM pg_stat_replication;"

Replication state and byte lag per replica
Show locks

psql -U postgres -d mydb -c "SELECT pid, relation::regclass, mode, granted, left(query,60) FROM pg_locks l JOIN pg_stat_activity a USING(pid) WHERE relation IS NOT NULL ORDER BY granted;"

Active locks with blocking/blocked status and query
Find long-running queries

SELECT pid, now()-query_start AS dur, state, query FROM pg_stat_activity WHERE state='active' AND now()-query_start > interval '5 min' ORDER BY dur DESC;

List active queries running over 5 minutes, longest first